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Quantum wells are tiny structures that confine electrons to a narrow space. They have important applications in electronics, optics, and more.

Pair production is a fundamental process in particle physics where a photon is converted into an electron and a positron in the presence of a nucleus.

LIGO, the world’s largest gravitational wave observatory, uses laser interferometry to detect ripples in space-time caused by the merger of black holes.

The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system always increases over time.

Heat engines are devices that convert thermal energy into mechanical work. They play a crucial role in many industries, from power generation to transportation.

Quantum computing is a promising technology that uses quantum mechanics to perform computations. It has the potential to solve previously unsolvable problems.

Faraday’s Law of Induction states that a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a conductor. This principle underlies the operation of generators, motors, transformers and many other electrical devices.

The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics explains the concept of thermal equilibrium and its importance in understanding thermodynamic processes.